diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.cc b/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.cc
index 5c1abe7..fc87c74 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.cc
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.cc
@@ -334,9 +334,9 @@ static const ::_pb::Message* const file_default_instances[] = {
 
 const char descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fdatabase_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
   "\n\032greptime/v1/database.proto\022\013greptime.v"
-  "1\032\025greptime/v1/ddl.proto\032\030greptime/v1/co"
-  "lumn.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row.proto\032\026grept"
-  "ime/v1/prom.proto\032\030greptime/v1/common.pr"
+  "1\032\030greptime/v1/column.proto\032\030greptime/v1"
+  "/common.proto\032\025greptime/v1/ddl.proto\032\026gr"
+  "eptime/v1/prom.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row.pr"
   "oto\"\352\002\n\017GreptimeRequest\022*\n\006header\030\001 \001(\0132"
   "\032.greptime.v1.RequestHeader\022.\n\007inserts\030\002"
   " \001(\0132\033.greptime.v1.InsertRequestsH\000\022*\n\005q"
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.h b/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.h
index 879790a..768a036 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.h
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/database.pb.h
@@ -30,11 +30,11 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
 #include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
-#include "greptime/v1/ddl.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/column.pb.h"
-#include "greptime/v1/row.pb.h"
-#include "greptime/v1/prom.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/common.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/ddl.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/prom.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/row.pb.h"
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 #include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
 #define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_greptime_2fv1_2fdatabase_2eproto
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.cc b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.cc
index f53b248..cdee3ef 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.cc
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.cc
@@ -467,9 +467,9 @@ static const ::_pb::Message* const file_default_instances[] = {
 
 const char descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2fddl_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
   "\n\032greptime/v1/meta/ddl.proto\022\020greptime.v"
-  "1.meta\032\035greptime/v1/meta/common.proto\032\034g"
-  "reptime/v1/meta/route.proto\032\025greptime/v1"
-  "/ddl.proto\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\"N\n\022"
+  "1.meta\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\032\025grepti"
+  "me/v1/ddl.proto\032\035greptime/v1/meta/common"
+  ".proto\032\034greptime/v1/meta/route.proto\"N\n\022"
   "CreateDatabaseTask\0228\n\017create_database\030\001 "
   "\001(\0132\037.greptime.v1.CreateDatabaseExpr\"\212\001\n"
   "\017CreateTableTask\0222\n\014create_table\030\001 \001(\0132\034"
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.h b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.h
index 9dde20e..c6461e8 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.h
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/ddl.pb.h
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
 #include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
+#include "greptime/v1/common.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/ddl.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/meta/common.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.h"
-#include "greptime/v1/ddl.pb.h"
-#include "greptime/v1/common.pb.h"
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 #include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
 #define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2fddl_2eproto
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.cc b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.cc
index 7e26635..c250fdd 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.cc
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.cc
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR Partition::Partition(
     ::_pbi::ConstantInitialized): _impl_{
     /*decltype(_impl_.column_list_)*/{}
   , /*decltype(_impl_.value_list_)*/{}
+  , /*decltype(_impl_.expression_)*/{&::_pbi::fixed_address_empty_string, ::_pbi::ConstantInitialized{}}
   , /*decltype(_impl_._cached_size_)*/{}} {}
 struct PartitionDefaultTypeInternal {
   PROTOBUF_CONSTEXPR PartitionDefaultTypeInternal()
@@ -185,6 +186,7 @@ const uint32_t TableStruct_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto::offsets[] PROTO
   ~0u,  // no _inlined_string_donated_
   PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::greptime::v1::meta::Partition, _impl_.column_list_),
   PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::greptime::v1::meta::Partition, _impl_.value_list_),
+  PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::greptime::v1::meta::Partition, _impl_.expression_),
   ~0u,  // no _has_bits_
   PROTOBUF_FIELD_OFFSET(::greptime::v1::meta::TableRouteValue, _internal_metadata_),
   ~0u,  // no _extensions_
@@ -201,7 +203,7 @@ static const ::_pbi::MigrationSchema schemas[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protode
   { 26, 34, -1, sizeof(::greptime::v1::meta::Region_AttrsEntry_DoNotUse)},
   { 36, -1, -1, sizeof(::greptime::v1::meta::Region)},
   { 46, -1, -1, sizeof(::greptime::v1::meta::Partition)},
-  { 54, -1, -1, sizeof(::greptime::v1::meta::TableRouteValue)},
+  { 55, -1, -1, sizeof(::greptime::v1::meta::TableRouteValue)},
 };
 
 static const ::_pb::Message* const file_default_instances[] = {
@@ -216,8 +218,8 @@ static const ::_pb::Message* const file_default_instances[] = {
 
 const char descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
   "\n\034greptime/v1/meta/route.proto\022\020greptime"
-  ".v1.meta\032\035greptime/v1/meta/common.proto\032"
-  "\030greptime/v1/common.proto\"j\n\nTableRoute\022"
+  ".v1.meta\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\032\035grep"
+  "time/v1/meta/common.proto\"j\n\nTableRoute\022"
   "&\n\005table\030\001 \001(\0132\027.greptime.v1.meta.Table\022"
   "4\n\rregion_routes\030\002 \003(\0132\035.greptime.v1.met"
   "a.RegionRoute\"q\n\013RegionRoute\022(\n\006region\030\001"
@@ -229,13 +231,14 @@ const char descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto[] PROT
   "\n\004name\030\002 \001(\t\022.\n\tpartition\030\003 \001(\0132\033.grepti"
   "me.v1.meta.Partition\0222\n\005attrs\030d \003(\0132#.gr"
   "eptime.v1.meta.Region.AttrsEntry\032,\n\nAttr"
-  "sEntry\022\013\n\003key\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002 \001(\t:\0028\001\"4"
-  "\n\tPartition\022\023\n\013column_list\030\001 \003(\014\022\022\n\nvalu"
-  "e_list\030\002 \003(\014\"k\n\017TableRouteValue\022%\n\005peers"
-  "\030\001 \003(\0132\026.greptime.v1.meta.Peer\0221\n\013table_"
-  "route\030\002 \001(\0132\034.greptime.v1.meta.TableRout"
-  "eB<Z:github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-pr"
-  "oto/go/greptime/v1/metab\006proto3"
+  "sEntry\022\013\n\003key\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002 \001(\t:\0028\001\"P"
+  "\n\tPartition\022\027\n\013column_list\030\001 \003(\014B\002\030\001\022\026\n\n"
+  "value_list\030\002 \003(\014B\002\030\001\022\022\n\nexpression\030\003 \001(\t"
+  "\"k\n\017TableRouteValue\022%\n\005peers\030\001 \003(\0132\026.gre"
+  "ptime.v1.meta.Peer\0221\n\013table_route\030\002 \001(\0132"
+  "\034.greptime.v1.meta.TableRouteB<Z:github."
+  "com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto/go/grept"
+  "ime/v1/metab\006proto3"
   ;
 static const ::_pbi::DescriptorTable* const descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto_deps[2] = {
   &::descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fcommon_2eproto,
@@ -243,7 +246,7 @@ static const ::_pbi::DescriptorTable* const descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fmet
 };
 static ::_pbi::once_flag descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto_once;
 const ::_pbi::DescriptorTable descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto = {
-    false, false, 831, descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto,
+    false, false, 859, descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto,
     "greptime/v1/meta/route.proto",
     &descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto_once, descriptor_table_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto_deps, 2, 7,
     schemas, file_default_instances, TableStruct_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto::offsets,
@@ -1406,9 +1409,18 @@ Partition::Partition(const Partition& from)
   new (&_impl_) Impl_{
       decltype(_impl_.column_list_){from._impl_.column_list_}
     , decltype(_impl_.value_list_){from._impl_.value_list_}
+    , decltype(_impl_.expression_){}
     , /*decltype(_impl_._cached_size_)*/{}};
 
   _internal_metadata_.MergeFrom<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet>(from._internal_metadata_);
+  _impl_.expression_.InitDefault();
+  #ifdef PROTOBUF_FORCE_COPY_DEFAULT_STRING
+    _impl_.expression_.Set("", GetArenaForAllocation());
+  #endif // PROTOBUF_FORCE_COPY_DEFAULT_STRING
+  if (!from._internal_expression().empty()) {
+    _this->_impl_.expression_.Set(from._internal_expression(), 
+      _this->GetArenaForAllocation());
+  }
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:greptime.v1.meta.Partition)
 }
 
@@ -1419,8 +1431,13 @@ inline void Partition::SharedCtor(
   new (&_impl_) Impl_{
       decltype(_impl_.column_list_){arena}
     , decltype(_impl_.value_list_){arena}
+    , decltype(_impl_.expression_){}
     , /*decltype(_impl_._cached_size_)*/{}
   };
+  _impl_.expression_.InitDefault();
+  #ifdef PROTOBUF_FORCE_COPY_DEFAULT_STRING
+    _impl_.expression_.Set("", GetArenaForAllocation());
+  #endif // PROTOBUF_FORCE_COPY_DEFAULT_STRING
 }
 
 Partition::~Partition() {
@@ -1436,6 +1453,7 @@ inline void Partition::SharedDtor() {
   GOOGLE_DCHECK(GetArenaForAllocation() == nullptr);
   _impl_.column_list_.~RepeatedPtrField();
   _impl_.value_list_.~RepeatedPtrField();
+  _impl_.expression_.Destroy();
 }
 
 void Partition::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
@@ -1450,6 +1468,7 @@ void Partition::Clear() {
 
   _impl_.column_list_.Clear();
   _impl_.value_list_.Clear();
+  _impl_.expression_.ClearToEmpty();
   _internal_metadata_.Clear<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet>();
 }
 
@@ -1459,7 +1478,7 @@ const char* Partition::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::_pbi::ParseContext* ctx
     uint32_t tag;
     ptr = ::_pbi::ReadTag(ptr, &tag);
     switch (tag >> 3) {
-      // repeated bytes column_list = 1;
+      // repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];
       case 1:
         if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<uint8_t>(tag) == 10)) {
           ptr -= 1;
@@ -1473,7 +1492,7 @@ const char* Partition::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::_pbi::ParseContext* ctx
         } else
           goto handle_unusual;
         continue;
-      // repeated bytes value_list = 2;
+      // repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];
       case 2:
         if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<uint8_t>(tag) == 18)) {
           ptr -= 1;
@@ -1487,6 +1506,16 @@ const char* Partition::_InternalParse(const char* ptr, ::_pbi::ParseContext* ctx
         } else
           goto handle_unusual;
         continue;
+      // string expression = 3;
+      case 3:
+        if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_TRUE(static_cast<uint8_t>(tag) == 26)) {
+          auto str = _internal_mutable_expression();
+          ptr = ::_pbi::InlineGreedyStringParser(str, ptr, ctx);
+          CHK_(ptr);
+          CHK_(::_pbi::VerifyUTF8(str, "greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression"));
+        } else
+          goto handle_unusual;
+        continue;
       default:
         goto handle_unusual;
     }  // switch
@@ -1516,18 +1545,28 @@ uint8_t* Partition::_InternalSerialize(
   uint32_t cached_has_bits = 0;
   (void) cached_has_bits;
 
-  // repeated bytes column_list = 1;
+  // repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];
   for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_column_list_size(); i < n; i++) {
     const auto& s = this->_internal_column_list(i);
     target = stream->WriteBytes(1, s, target);
   }
 
-  // repeated bytes value_list = 2;
+  // repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];
   for (int i = 0, n = this->_internal_value_list_size(); i < n; i++) {
     const auto& s = this->_internal_value_list(i);
     target = stream->WriteBytes(2, s, target);
   }
 
+  // string expression = 3;
+  if (!this->_internal_expression().empty()) {
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::VerifyUtf8String(
+      this->_internal_expression().data(), static_cast<int>(this->_internal_expression().length()),
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::SERIALIZE,
+      "greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression");
+    target = stream->WriteStringMaybeAliased(
+        3, this->_internal_expression(), target);
+  }
+
   if (PROTOBUF_PREDICT_FALSE(_internal_metadata_.have_unknown_fields())) {
     target = ::_pbi::WireFormat::InternalSerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
         _internal_metadata_.unknown_fields<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet>(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet::default_instance), target, stream);
@@ -1544,7 +1583,7 @@ size_t Partition::ByteSizeLong() const {
   // Prevent compiler warnings about cached_has_bits being unused
   (void) cached_has_bits;
 
-  // repeated bytes column_list = 1;
+  // repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];
   total_size += 1 *
       ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(_impl_.column_list_.size());
   for (int i = 0, n = _impl_.column_list_.size(); i < n; i++) {
@@ -1552,7 +1591,7 @@ size_t Partition::ByteSizeLong() const {
       _impl_.column_list_.Get(i));
   }
 
-  // repeated bytes value_list = 2;
+  // repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];
   total_size += 1 *
       ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::FromIntSize(_impl_.value_list_.size());
   for (int i = 0, n = _impl_.value_list_.size(); i < n; i++) {
@@ -1560,6 +1599,13 @@ size_t Partition::ByteSizeLong() const {
       _impl_.value_list_.Get(i));
   }
 
+  // string expression = 3;
+  if (!this->_internal_expression().empty()) {
+    total_size += 1 +
+      ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
+        this->_internal_expression());
+  }
+
   return MaybeComputeUnknownFieldsSize(total_size, &_impl_._cached_size_);
 }
 
@@ -1580,6 +1626,9 @@ void Partition::MergeImpl(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& to_msg, const ::PROT
 
   _this->_impl_.column_list_.MergeFrom(from._impl_.column_list_);
   _this->_impl_.value_list_.MergeFrom(from._impl_.value_list_);
+  if (!from._internal_expression().empty()) {
+    _this->_internal_set_expression(from._internal_expression());
+  }
   _this->_internal_metadata_.MergeFrom<::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::UnknownFieldSet>(from._internal_metadata_);
 }
 
@@ -1596,9 +1645,15 @@ bool Partition::IsInitialized() const {
 
 void Partition::InternalSwap(Partition* other) {
   using std::swap;
+  auto* lhs_arena = GetArenaForAllocation();
+  auto* rhs_arena = other->GetArenaForAllocation();
   _internal_metadata_.InternalSwap(&other->_internal_metadata_);
   _impl_.column_list_.InternalSwap(&other->_impl_.column_list_);
   _impl_.value_list_.InternalSwap(&other->_impl_.value_list_);
+  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr::InternalSwap(
+      &_impl_.expression_, lhs_arena,
+      &other->_impl_.expression_, rhs_arena
+  );
 }
 
 ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Metadata Partition::GetMetadata() const {
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.h b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.h
index a8dc42b..3e4ba6f 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.h
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.h
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/map_entry.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
-#include "greptime/v1/meta/common.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/common.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/meta/common.pb.h"
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 #include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
 #define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_greptime_2fv1_2fmeta_2froute_2eproto
@@ -1006,55 +1006,70 @@ class Partition final :
   enum : int {
     kColumnListFieldNumber = 1,
     kValueListFieldNumber = 2,
+    kExpressionFieldNumber = 3,
   };
-  // repeated bytes column_list = 1;
-  int column_list_size() const;
+  // repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED int column_list_size() const;
   private:
   int _internal_column_list_size() const;
   public:
-  void clear_column_list();
-  const std::string& column_list(int index) const;
-  std::string* mutable_column_list(int index);
-  void set_column_list(int index, const std::string& value);
-  void set_column_list(int index, std::string&& value);
-  void set_column_list(int index, const char* value);
-  void set_column_list(int index, const void* value, size_t size);
-  std::string* add_column_list();
-  void add_column_list(const std::string& value);
-  void add_column_list(std::string&& value);
-  void add_column_list(const char* value);
-  void add_column_list(const void* value, size_t size);
-  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& column_list() const;
-  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_column_list();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void clear_column_list();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED const std::string& column_list(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED std::string* mutable_column_list(int index);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_column_list(int index, const std::string& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_column_list(int index, std::string&& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_column_list(int index, const char* value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_column_list(int index, const void* value, size_t size);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED std::string* add_column_list();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_column_list(const std::string& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_column_list(std::string&& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_column_list(const char* value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_column_list(const void* value, size_t size);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& column_list() const;
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_column_list();
   private:
   const std::string& _internal_column_list(int index) const;
   std::string* _internal_add_column_list();
   public:
 
-  // repeated bytes value_list = 2;
-  int value_list_size() const;
+  // repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED int value_list_size() const;
   private:
   int _internal_value_list_size() const;
   public:
-  void clear_value_list();
-  const std::string& value_list(int index) const;
-  std::string* mutable_value_list(int index);
-  void set_value_list(int index, const std::string& value);
-  void set_value_list(int index, std::string&& value);
-  void set_value_list(int index, const char* value);
-  void set_value_list(int index, const void* value, size_t size);
-  std::string* add_value_list();
-  void add_value_list(const std::string& value);
-  void add_value_list(std::string&& value);
-  void add_value_list(const char* value);
-  void add_value_list(const void* value, size_t size);
-  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& value_list() const;
-  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_value_list();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void clear_value_list();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED const std::string& value_list(int index) const;
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED std::string* mutable_value_list(int index);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_value_list(int index, const std::string& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_value_list(int index, std::string&& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_value_list(int index, const char* value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void set_value_list(int index, const void* value, size_t size);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED std::string* add_value_list();
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_value_list(const std::string& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_value_list(std::string&& value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_value_list(const char* value);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED void add_value_list(const void* value, size_t size);
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>& value_list() const;
+  PROTOBUF_DEPRECATED ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string>* mutable_value_list();
   private:
   const std::string& _internal_value_list(int index) const;
   std::string* _internal_add_value_list();
   public:
 
+  // string expression = 3;
+  void clear_expression();
+  const std::string& expression() const;
+  template <typename ArgT0 = const std::string&, typename... ArgT>
+  void set_expression(ArgT0&& arg0, ArgT... args);
+  std::string* mutable_expression();
+  PROTOBUF_NODISCARD std::string* release_expression();
+  void set_allocated_expression(std::string* expression);
+  private:
+  const std::string& _internal_expression() const;
+  inline PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE void _internal_set_expression(const std::string& value);
+  std::string* _internal_mutable_expression();
+  public:
+
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:greptime.v1.meta.Partition)
  private:
   class _Internal;
@@ -1065,6 +1080,7 @@ class Partition final :
   struct Impl_ {
     ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> column_list_;
     ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RepeatedPtrField<std::string> value_list_;
+    ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::ArenaStringPtr expression_;
     mutable ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::internal::CachedSize _cached_size_;
   };
   union { Impl_ _impl_; };
@@ -1907,7 +1923,7 @@ Region::mutable_attrs() {
 
 // Partition
 
-// repeated bytes column_list = 1;
+// repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];
 inline int Partition::_internal_column_list_size() const {
   return _impl_.column_list_.size();
 }
@@ -1982,7 +1998,7 @@ Partition::mutable_column_list() {
   return &_impl_.column_list_;
 }
 
-// repeated bytes value_list = 2;
+// repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];
 inline int Partition::_internal_value_list_size() const {
   return _impl_.value_list_.size();
 }
@@ -2057,6 +2073,56 @@ Partition::mutable_value_list() {
   return &_impl_.value_list_;
 }
 
+// string expression = 3;
+inline void Partition::clear_expression() {
+  _impl_.expression_.ClearToEmpty();
+}
+inline const std::string& Partition::expression() const {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression)
+  return _internal_expression();
+}
+template <typename ArgT0, typename... ArgT>
+inline PROTOBUF_ALWAYS_INLINE
+void Partition::set_expression(ArgT0&& arg0, ArgT... args) {
+ 
+ _impl_.expression_.Set(static_cast<ArgT0 &&>(arg0), args..., GetArenaForAllocation());
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression)
+}
+inline std::string* Partition::mutable_expression() {
+  std::string* _s = _internal_mutable_expression();
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression)
+  return _s;
+}
+inline const std::string& Partition::_internal_expression() const {
+  return _impl_.expression_.Get();
+}
+inline void Partition::_internal_set_expression(const std::string& value) {
+  
+  _impl_.expression_.Set(value, GetArenaForAllocation());
+}
+inline std::string* Partition::_internal_mutable_expression() {
+  
+  return _impl_.expression_.Mutable(GetArenaForAllocation());
+}
+inline std::string* Partition::release_expression() {
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_release:greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression)
+  return _impl_.expression_.Release();
+}
+inline void Partition::set_allocated_expression(std::string* expression) {
+  if (expression != nullptr) {
+    
+  } else {
+    
+  }
+  _impl_.expression_.SetAllocated(expression, GetArenaForAllocation());
+#ifdef PROTOBUF_FORCE_COPY_DEFAULT_STRING
+  if (_impl_.expression_.IsDefault()) {
+    _impl_.expression_.Set("", GetArenaForAllocation());
+  }
+#endif // PROTOBUF_FORCE_COPY_DEFAULT_STRING
+  // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:greptime.v1.meta.Partition.expression)
+}
+
 // -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // TableRouteValue
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.cc b/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.cc
index cd5b8b0..cb40af0 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.cc
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.cc
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ static const ::_pb::Message* const file_default_instances[] = {
 const char descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fregion_2fserver_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
   "\n\037greptime/v1/region/server.proto\022\022grept"
   "ime.v1.region\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\032"
-  "\025greptime/v1/row.proto\032\025greptime/v1/ddl."
+  "\025greptime/v1/ddl.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row."
   "proto\"\344\001\n\023RegionRequestHeader\022T\n\017tracing"
   "_context\030\005 \003(\0132;.greptime.v1.region.Regi"
   "onRequestHeader.TracingContextEntry\022\016\n\006d"
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.h b/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.h
index a09fd29..3020569 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.h
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.h
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/map_field_inl.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
 #include "greptime/v1/common.pb.h"
-#include "greptime/v1/row.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/ddl.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/row.pb.h"
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 #include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
 #define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_greptime_2fv1_2fregion_2fserver_2eproto
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.cc b/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.cc
index ad2c251..06d37fb 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.cc
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.cc
@@ -143,8 +143,8 @@ static const ::_pb::Message* const file_default_instances[] = {
 };
 
 const char descriptor_table_protodef_greptime_2fv1_2fwal_2eproto[] PROTOBUF_SECTION_VARIABLE(protodesc_cold) =
-  "\n\025greptime/v1/wal.proto\022\013greptime.v1\032\025gr"
-  "eptime/v1/row.proto\032\030greptime/v1/common."
+  "\n\025greptime/v1/wal.proto\022\013greptime.v1\032\030gr"
+  "eptime/v1/common.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row."
   "proto\"J\n\tWriteHint\022=\n\024primary_key_encodi"
   "ng\030\001 \001(\0162\037.greptime.v1.PrimaryKeyEncodin"
   "g\"\217\001\n\010Mutation\022$\n\007op_type\030\001 \001(\0162\023.grepti"
diff --git a/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.h b/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.h
index 03a7653..76de7d2 100644
--- a/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.h
+++ b/c++/greptime/v1/wal.pb.h
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 #include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>  // IWYU pragma: export
 #include <google/protobuf/generated_enum_reflection.h>
 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
-#include "greptime/v1/row.pb.h"
 #include "greptime/v1/common.pb.h"
+#include "greptime/v1/row.pb.h"
 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 #include <google/protobuf/port_def.inc>
 #define PROTOBUF_INTERNAL_EXPORT_greptime_2fv1_2fwal_2eproto
diff --git a/go/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.go b/go/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.go
index 624814d..db75ee5 100644
--- a/go/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.go
+++ b/go/greptime/v1/meta/route.pb.go
@@ -290,14 +290,18 @@ func (x *Region) GetAttrs() map[string]string {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// PARTITION `region_name` VALUES LESS THAN (value_list)
+// Partition definition.
 type Partition struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
 
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
 	ColumnList [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=column_list,json=columnList,proto3" json:"column_list,omitempty"`
-	ValueList  [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=value_list,json=valueList,proto3" json:"value_list,omitempty"`
+	// Deprecated: Do not use.
+	ValueList [][]byte `protobuf:"bytes,2,rep,name=value_list,json=valueList,proto3" json:"value_list,omitempty"`
+	// The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+	Expression string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=expression,proto3" json:"expression,omitempty"`
 }
 
 func (x *Partition) Reset() {
@@ -332,6 +336,7 @@ func (*Partition) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_greptime_v1_meta_route_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
 }
 
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *Partition) GetColumnList() [][]byte {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.ColumnList
@@ -339,6 +344,7 @@ func (x *Partition) GetColumnList() [][]byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Deprecated: Do not use.
 func (x *Partition) GetValueList() [][]byte {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.ValueList
@@ -346,6 +352,13 @@ func (x *Partition) GetValueList() [][]byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *Partition) GetExpression() string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Expression
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // This message is only for saving into store.
 // TODO(weny): Remove it, Now, the upgrade tool is still dependent on it.
 type TableRouteValue struct {
@@ -451,25 +464,27 @@ var file_greptime_v1_meta_route_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x74, 0x74, 0x72, 0x73, 0x1a, 0x38, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x41, 0x74, 0x74, 0x72, 0x73, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x74,
 	0x72, 0x79, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52,
 	0x03, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x12, 0x14, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20,
-	0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x05, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x02, 0x38, 0x01, 0x22, 0x4b,
-	0x0a, 0x09, 0x50, 0x61, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x1f, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x63,
+	0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x05, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x02, 0x38, 0x01, 0x22, 0x73,
+	0x0a, 0x09, 0x50, 0x61, 0x72, 0x74, 0x69, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x12, 0x23, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x63,
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-	0x33,
+	0x42, 0x02, 0x18, 0x01, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x6d, 0x6e, 0x4c, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74,
+	0x12, 0x21, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x18, 0x02,
+	0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0c, 0x42, 0x02, 0x18, 0x01, 0x52, 0x09, 0x76, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x4c,
+	0x69, 0x73, 0x74, 0x12, 0x1e, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x65, 0x78, 0x70, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f,
+	0x6e, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x65, 0x78, 0x70, 0x72, 0x65, 0x73, 0x73,
+	0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x22, 0x7e, 0x0a, 0x0f, 0x54, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74,
+	0x65, 0x56, 0x61, 0x6c, 0x75, 0x65, 0x12, 0x2c, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x70, 0x65, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x18,
+	0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x16, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65,
+	0x2e, 0x76, 0x31, 0x2e, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x2e, 0x50, 0x65, 0x65, 0x72, 0x52, 0x05, 0x70,
+	0x65, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x12, 0x3d, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x74, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x5f, 0x72, 0x6f,
+	0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x1c, 0x2e, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70,
+	0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x76, 0x31, 0x2e, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x2e, 0x54, 0x61, 0x62,
+	0x6c, 0x65, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x52, 0x0a, 0x74, 0x61, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x52, 0x6f,
+	0x75, 0x74, 0x65, 0x42, 0x3c, 0x5a, 0x3a, 0x67, 0x69, 0x74, 0x68, 0x75, 0x62, 0x2e, 0x63, 0x6f,
+	0x6d, 0x2f, 0x47, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x54, 0x65, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x2f, 0x67,
+	0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x2d, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x67, 0x6f,
+	0x2f, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x2f, 0x76, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74,
+	0x61, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
diff --git a/go/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.go b/go/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.go
index 5f63139..bd5a3a1 100644
--- a/go/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.go
+++ b/go/greptime/v1/region/server.pb.go
@@ -1164,6 +1164,8 @@ type AlterRequest struct {
 	//	*AlterRequest_SetIndex
 	//	*AlterRequest_UnsetIndex
 	//	*AlterRequest_DropDefaults
+	//	*AlterRequest_SetIndexes
+	//	*AlterRequest_UnsetIndexes
 	Kind isAlterRequest_Kind `protobuf_oneof:"kind"`
 	// The version of the schema before applying the alteration.
 	SchemaVersion uint64 `protobuf:"varint,4,opt,name=schema_version,json=schemaVersion,proto3" json:"schema_version,omitempty"`
@@ -1271,6 +1273,20 @@ func (x *AlterRequest) GetDropDefaults() *v1.DropDefaults {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (x *AlterRequest) GetSetIndexes() *v1.SetIndexes {
+	if x, ok := x.GetKind().(*AlterRequest_SetIndexes); ok {
+		return x.SetIndexes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (x *AlterRequest) GetUnsetIndexes() *v1.UnsetIndexes {
+	if x, ok := x.GetKind().(*AlterRequest_UnsetIndexes); ok {
+		return x.UnsetIndexes
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (x *AlterRequest) GetSchemaVersion() uint64 {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.SchemaVersion
@@ -1303,10 +1319,12 @@ type AlterRequest_UnsetTableOptions struct {
 }
 
 type AlterRequest_SetIndex struct {
+	// Deprecated: use set_indexes instead.
 	SetIndex *v1.SetIndex `protobuf:"bytes,10,opt,name=set_index,json=setIndex,proto3,oneof"`
 }
 
 type AlterRequest_UnsetIndex struct {
+	// Deprecated: use unset_indexes instead.
 	UnsetIndex *v1.UnsetIndex `protobuf:"bytes,11,opt,name=unset_index,json=unsetIndex,proto3,oneof"`
 }
 
@@ -1314,6 +1332,14 @@ type AlterRequest_DropDefaults struct {
 	DropDefaults *v1.DropDefaults `protobuf:"bytes,12,opt,name=drop_defaults,json=dropDefaults,proto3,oneof"`
 }
 
+type AlterRequest_SetIndexes struct {
+	SetIndexes *v1.SetIndexes `protobuf:"bytes,13,opt,name=set_indexes,json=setIndexes,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
+type AlterRequest_UnsetIndexes struct {
+	UnsetIndexes *v1.UnsetIndexes `protobuf:"bytes,14,opt,name=unset_indexes,json=unsetIndexes,proto3,oneof"`
+}
+
 func (*AlterRequest_AddColumns) isAlterRequest_Kind() {}
 
 func (*AlterRequest_DropColumns) isAlterRequest_Kind() {}
@@ -1330,6 +1356,10 @@ func (*AlterRequest_UnsetIndex) isAlterRequest_Kind() {}
 
 func (*AlterRequest_DropDefaults) isAlterRequest_Kind() {}
 
+func (*AlterRequest_SetIndexes) isAlterRequest_Kind() {}
+
+func (*AlterRequest_UnsetIndexes) isAlterRequest_Kind() {}
+
 type AddColumns struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
@@ -2372,7 +2402,7 @@ var file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x73, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x0b, 0x32, 0x20, 0x2e, 0x67,
 	0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x76, 0x31, 0x2e, 0x72, 0x65, 0x67, 0x69, 0x6f,
 	0x6e, 0x2e, 0x41, 0x6c, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x52, 0x08,
-	0x72, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x73, 0x22, 0x87, 0x05, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x41, 0x6c, 0x74,
+	0x72, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x73, 0x22, 0x85, 0x06, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x41, 0x6c, 0x74,
 	0x65, 0x72, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x12, 0x1b, 0x0a, 0x09, 0x72, 0x65, 0x67,
 	0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x04, 0x52, 0x08, 0x72, 0x65,
 	0x67, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x49, 0x64, 0x12, 0x41, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x61, 0x64, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x63, 0x6f,
@@ -2410,109 +2440,117 @@ var file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
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 }
 
 var (
@@ -2573,9 +2611,11 @@ var file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
 	(*v1.SetIndex)(nil),          // 41: greptime.v1.SetIndex
 	(*v1.UnsetIndex)(nil),        // 42: greptime.v1.UnsetIndex
 	(*v1.DropDefaults)(nil),      // 43: greptime.v1.DropDefaults
-	(*v1.AddColumnLocation)(nil), // 44: greptime.v1.AddColumnLocation
-	(*v1.ColumnDef)(nil),         // 45: greptime.v1.ColumnDef
-	(*v1.ArrowIpc)(nil),          // 46: greptime.v1.ArrowIpc
+	(*v1.SetIndexes)(nil),        // 44: greptime.v1.SetIndexes
+	(*v1.UnsetIndexes)(nil),      // 45: greptime.v1.UnsetIndexes
+	(*v1.AddColumnLocation)(nil), // 46: greptime.v1.AddColumnLocation
+	(*v1.ColumnDef)(nil),         // 47: greptime.v1.ColumnDef
+	(*v1.ArrowIpc)(nil),          // 48: greptime.v1.ArrowIpc
 }
 var file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	31, // 0: greptime.v1.region.RegionRequestHeader.tracing_context:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.RegionRequestHeader.TracingContextEntry
@@ -2618,23 +2658,25 @@ var file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
 	41, // 37: greptime.v1.region.AlterRequest.set_index:type_name -> greptime.v1.SetIndex
 	42, // 38: greptime.v1.region.AlterRequest.unset_index:type_name -> greptime.v1.UnsetIndex
 	43, // 39: greptime.v1.region.AlterRequest.drop_defaults:type_name -> greptime.v1.DropDefaults
-	18, // 40: greptime.v1.region.AddColumns.add_columns:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.AddColumn
-	19, // 41: greptime.v1.region.DropColumns.drop_columns:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.DropColumn
-	25, // 42: greptime.v1.region.AddColumn.column_def:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.RegionColumnDef
-	44, // 43: greptime.v1.region.AddColumn.location:type_name -> greptime.v1.AddColumnLocation
-	21, // 44: greptime.v1.region.CompactRequest.regular:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.Regular
-	22, // 45: greptime.v1.region.CompactRequest.strict_window:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.StrictWindow
-	45, // 46: greptime.v1.region.RegionColumnDef.column_def:type_name -> greptime.v1.ColumnDef
-	46, // 47: greptime.v1.region.BulkInsertRequest.arrow_ipc:type_name -> greptime.v1.ArrowIpc
-	27, // 48: greptime.v1.region.SyncRequest.mito_manifest_info:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.MitoManifestInfo
-	28, // 49: greptime.v1.region.SyncRequest.metric_manifest_info:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.MetricManifestInfo
-	1,  // 50: greptime.v1.region.Region.Handle:input_type -> greptime.v1.region.RegionRequest
-	2,  // 51: greptime.v1.region.Region.Handle:output_type -> greptime.v1.region.RegionResponse
-	51, // [51:52] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	50, // [50:51] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	50, // [50:50] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	50, // [50:50] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0,  // [0:50] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	44, // 40: greptime.v1.region.AlterRequest.set_indexes:type_name -> greptime.v1.SetIndexes
+	45, // 41: greptime.v1.region.AlterRequest.unset_indexes:type_name -> greptime.v1.UnsetIndexes
+	18, // 42: greptime.v1.region.AddColumns.add_columns:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.AddColumn
+	19, // 43: greptime.v1.region.DropColumns.drop_columns:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.DropColumn
+	25, // 44: greptime.v1.region.AddColumn.column_def:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.RegionColumnDef
+	46, // 45: greptime.v1.region.AddColumn.location:type_name -> greptime.v1.AddColumnLocation
+	21, // 46: greptime.v1.region.CompactRequest.regular:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.Regular
+	22, // 47: greptime.v1.region.CompactRequest.strict_window:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.StrictWindow
+	47, // 48: greptime.v1.region.RegionColumnDef.column_def:type_name -> greptime.v1.ColumnDef
+	48, // 49: greptime.v1.region.BulkInsertRequest.arrow_ipc:type_name -> greptime.v1.ArrowIpc
+	27, // 50: greptime.v1.region.SyncRequest.mito_manifest_info:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.MitoManifestInfo
+	28, // 51: greptime.v1.region.SyncRequest.metric_manifest_info:type_name -> greptime.v1.region.MetricManifestInfo
+	1,  // 52: greptime.v1.region.Region.Handle:input_type -> greptime.v1.region.RegionRequest
+	2,  // 53: greptime.v1.region.Region.Handle:output_type -> greptime.v1.region.RegionResponse
+	53, // [53:54] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	52, // [52:53] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	52, // [52:52] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	52, // [52:52] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0,  // [0:52] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_init() }
@@ -3043,6 +3085,8 @@ func file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_init() {
 		(*AlterRequest_SetIndex)(nil),
 		(*AlterRequest_UnsetIndex)(nil),
 		(*AlterRequest_DropDefaults)(nil),
+		(*AlterRequest_SetIndexes)(nil),
+		(*AlterRequest_UnsetIndexes)(nil),
 	}
 	file_greptime_v1_region_server_proto_msgTypes[23].OneofWrappers = []interface{}{
 		(*CompactRequest_Regular)(nil),
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/Wal.java b/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/Wal.java
index 28c9a9a..8947b3a 100644
--- a/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/Wal.java
+++ b/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/Wal.java
@@ -4489,8 +4489,8 @@ public final class Wal {
       descriptor;
   static {
     java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
-      "\n\025greptime/v1/wal.proto\022\013greptime.v1\032\025gr" +
-      "eptime/v1/row.proto\032\030greptime/v1/common." +
+      "\n\025greptime/v1/wal.proto\022\013greptime.v1\032\030gr" +
+      "eptime/v1/common.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row." +
       "proto\"J\n\tWriteHint\022=\n\024primary_key_encodi" +
       "ng\030\001 \001(\0162\037.greptime.v1.PrimaryKeyEncodin" +
       "g\"\217\001\n\010Mutation\022$\n\007op_type\030\001 \001(\0162\023.grepti" +
@@ -4511,8 +4511,8 @@ public final class Wal {
     descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
       .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
         new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
-          io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor(),
           io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor(),
+          io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor(),
         });
     internal_static_greptime_v1_WriteHint_descriptor =
       getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
@@ -4538,8 +4538,8 @@ public final class Wal {
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_greptime_v1_BulkWalEntry_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "Sequence", "MaxTs", "MinTs", "TimestampIndex", "ArrowIpc", "Body", });
-    io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor();
     io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor();
+    io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor();
   }
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Ddl.java b/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Ddl.java
index f51d823..71c4376 100644
--- a/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Ddl.java
+++ b/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Ddl.java
@@ -17143,9 +17143,9 @@ public final class Ddl {
   static {
     java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
       "\n\032greptime/v1/meta/ddl.proto\022\020greptime.v" +
-      "1.meta\032\035greptime/v1/meta/common.proto\032\034g" +
-      "reptime/v1/meta/route.proto\032\025greptime/v1" +
-      "/ddl.proto\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\"N\n\022" +
+      "1.meta\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\032\025grepti" +
+      "me/v1/ddl.proto\032\035greptime/v1/meta/common" +
+      ".proto\032\034greptime/v1/meta/route.proto\"N\n\022" +
       "CreateDatabaseTask\0228\n\017create_database\030\001 " +
       "\001(\0132\037.greptime.v1.CreateDatabaseExpr\"\212\001\n" +
       "\017CreateTableTask\0222\n\014create_table\030\001 \001(\0132\034" +
@@ -17216,10 +17216,10 @@ public final class Ddl {
     descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
       .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
         new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
+          io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor(),
+          io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor(),
           greptime.v1.meta.Common.getDescriptor(),
           greptime.v1.meta.Route.getDescriptor(),
-          io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor(),
-          io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor(),
         });
     internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_CreateDatabaseTask_descriptor =
       getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
@@ -17329,10 +17329,10 @@ public final class Ddl {
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_DdlTaskResponse_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "Header", "Pid", "TableIds", });
+    io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor();
+    io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor();
     greptime.v1.meta.Common.getDescriptor();
     greptime.v1.meta.Route.getDescriptor();
-    io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor();
-    io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor();
   }
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Route.java b/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Route.java
index eb41187..c66061e 100644
--- a/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Route.java
+++ b/java/src/main/java/greptime/v1/meta/Route.java
@@ -3937,42 +3937,74 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
       com.google.protobuf.MessageOrBuilder {
 
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
      * @return A list containing the columnList.
      */
-    java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> getColumnListList();
+    @java.lang.Deprecated java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> getColumnListList();
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
      * @return The count of columnList.
      */
-    int getColumnListCount();
+    @java.lang.Deprecated int getColumnListCount();
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
      * @param index The index of the element to return.
      * @return The columnList at the given index.
      */
-    com.google.protobuf.ByteString getColumnList(int index);
+    @java.lang.Deprecated com.google.protobuf.ByteString getColumnList(int index);
 
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
      * @return A list containing the valueList.
      */
-    java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> getValueListList();
+    @java.lang.Deprecated java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> getValueListList();
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
      * @return The count of valueList.
      */
-    int getValueListCount();
+    @java.lang.Deprecated int getValueListCount();
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
      * @param index The index of the element to return.
      * @return The valueList at the given index.
      */
-    com.google.protobuf.ByteString getValueList(int index);
+    @java.lang.Deprecated com.google.protobuf.ByteString getValueList(int index);
+
+    /**
+     * <pre>
+     * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+     * @return The expression.
+     */
+    java.lang.String getExpression();
+    /**
+     * <pre>
+     * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+     * @return The bytes for expression.
+     */
+    com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+        getExpressionBytes();
   }
   /**
    * <pre>
-   * PARTITION `region_name` VALUES LESS THAN (value_list)
+   * Partition definition.
    * </pre>
    *
    * Protobuf type {@code greptime.v1.meta.Partition}
@@ -3989,6 +4021,7 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
     private Partition() {
       columnList_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
       valueList_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
+      expression_ = "";
     }
 
     @java.lang.Override
@@ -4038,6 +4071,12 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
               valueList_.add(input.readBytes());
               break;
             }
+            case 26: {
+              java.lang.String s = input.readStringRequireUtf8();
+
+              expression_ = s;
+              break;
+            }
             default: {
               if (!parseUnknownField(
                   input, unknownFields, extensionRegistry, tag)) {
@@ -4081,57 +4120,115 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
     public static final int COLUMN_LIST_FIELD_NUMBER = 1;
     private java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> columnList_;
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
      * @return A list containing the columnList.
      */
     @java.lang.Override
-    public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
+    @java.lang.Deprecated public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
         getColumnListList() {
       return columnList_;
     }
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
      * @return The count of columnList.
      */
-    public int getColumnListCount() {
+    @java.lang.Deprecated public int getColumnListCount() {
       return columnList_.size();
     }
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
      * @param index The index of the element to return.
      * @return The columnList at the given index.
      */
-    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getColumnList(int index) {
+    @java.lang.Deprecated public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getColumnList(int index) {
       return columnList_.get(index);
     }
 
     public static final int VALUE_LIST_FIELD_NUMBER = 2;
     private java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString> valueList_;
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
      * @return A list containing the valueList.
      */
     @java.lang.Override
-    public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
+    @java.lang.Deprecated public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
         getValueListList() {
       return valueList_;
     }
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
      * @return The count of valueList.
      */
-    public int getValueListCount() {
+    @java.lang.Deprecated public int getValueListCount() {
       return valueList_.size();
     }
     /**
-     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+     * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+     * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+     *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
      * @param index The index of the element to return.
      * @return The valueList at the given index.
      */
-    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getValueList(int index) {
+    @java.lang.Deprecated public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getValueList(int index) {
       return valueList_.get(index);
     }
 
+    public static final int EXPRESSION_FIELD_NUMBER = 3;
+    private volatile java.lang.Object expression_;
+    /**
+     * <pre>
+     * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+     * @return The expression.
+     */
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public java.lang.String getExpression() {
+      java.lang.Object ref = expression_;
+      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
+        return (java.lang.String) ref;
+      } else {
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs = 
+            (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+        java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
+        expression_ = s;
+        return s;
+      }
+    }
+    /**
+     * <pre>
+     * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+     * @return The bytes for expression.
+     */
+    @java.lang.Override
+    public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+        getExpressionBytes() {
+      java.lang.Object ref = expression_;
+      if (ref instanceof java.lang.String) {
+        com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
+            com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
+                (java.lang.String) ref);
+        expression_ = b;
+        return b;
+      } else {
+        return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+      }
+    }
+
     private byte memoizedIsInitialized = -1;
     @java.lang.Override
     public final boolean isInitialized() {
@@ -4152,6 +4249,9 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
       for (int i = 0; i < valueList_.size(); i++) {
         output.writeBytes(2, valueList_.get(i));
       }
+      if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(expression_)) {
+        com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.writeString(output, 3, expression_);
+      }
       unknownFields.writeTo(output);
     }
 
@@ -4179,6 +4279,9 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         size += dataSize;
         size += 1 * getValueListList().size();
       }
+      if (!com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.isStringEmpty(expression_)) {
+        size += com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.computeStringSize(3, expression_);
+      }
       size += unknownFields.getSerializedSize();
       memoizedSize = size;
       return size;
@@ -4198,6 +4301,8 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
           .equals(other.getColumnListList())) return false;
       if (!getValueListList()
           .equals(other.getValueListList())) return false;
+      if (!getExpression()
+          .equals(other.getExpression())) return false;
       if (!unknownFields.equals(other.unknownFields)) return false;
       return true;
     }
@@ -4217,6 +4322,8 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         hash = (37 * hash) + VALUE_LIST_FIELD_NUMBER;
         hash = (53 * hash) + getValueListList().hashCode();
       }
+      hash = (37 * hash) + EXPRESSION_FIELD_NUMBER;
+      hash = (53 * hash) + getExpression().hashCode();
       hash = (29 * hash) + unknownFields.hashCode();
       memoizedHashCode = hash;
       return hash;
@@ -4314,7 +4421,7 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
     }
     /**
      * <pre>
-     * PARTITION `region_name` VALUES LESS THAN (value_list)
+     * Partition definition.
      * </pre>
      *
      * Protobuf type {@code greptime.v1.meta.Partition}
@@ -4358,6 +4465,8 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
         valueList_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
+        expression_ = "";
+
         return this;
       }
 
@@ -4395,6 +4504,7 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
           bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
         }
         result.valueList_ = valueList_;
+        result.expression_ = expression_;
         onBuilt();
         return result;
       }
@@ -4463,6 +4573,10 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
           }
           onChanged();
         }
+        if (!other.getExpression().isEmpty()) {
+          expression_ = other.expression_;
+          onChanged();
+        }
         this.mergeUnknownFields(other.unknownFields);
         onChanged();
         return this;
@@ -4501,36 +4615,44 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
          }
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @return A list containing the columnList.
        */
-      public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
           getColumnListList() {
         return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000001) != 0) ?
                  java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(columnList_) : columnList_;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @return The count of columnList.
        */
-      public int getColumnListCount() {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public int getColumnListCount() {
         return columnList_.size();
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @param index The index of the element to return.
        * @return The columnList at the given index.
        */
-      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getColumnList(int index) {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getColumnList(int index) {
         return columnList_.get(index);
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @param index The index to set the value at.
        * @param value The columnList to set.
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder setColumnList(
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder setColumnList(
           int index, com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
         if (value == null) {
     throw new NullPointerException();
@@ -4541,11 +4663,13 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         return this;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @param value The columnList to add.
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder addColumnList(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder addColumnList(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
         if (value == null) {
     throw new NullPointerException();
   }
@@ -4555,11 +4679,13 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         return this;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @param values The columnList to add.
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder addAllColumnList(
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder addAllColumnList(
           java.lang.Iterable<? extends com.google.protobuf.ByteString> values) {
         ensureColumnListIsMutable();
         com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
@@ -4568,10 +4694,12 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         return this;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.column_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=53
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder clearColumnList() {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder clearColumnList() {
         columnList_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000001);
         onChanged();
@@ -4586,36 +4714,44 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
          }
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @return A list containing the valueList.
        */
-      public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public java.util.List<com.google.protobuf.ByteString>
           getValueListList() {
         return ((bitField0_ & 0x00000002) != 0) ?
                  java.util.Collections.unmodifiableList(valueList_) : valueList_;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @return The count of valueList.
        */
-      public int getValueListCount() {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public int getValueListCount() {
         return valueList_.size();
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @param index The index of the element to return.
        * @return The valueList at the given index.
        */
-      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getValueList(int index) {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public com.google.protobuf.ByteString getValueList(int index) {
         return valueList_.get(index);
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @param index The index to set the value at.
        * @param value The valueList to set.
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder setValueList(
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder setValueList(
           int index, com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
         if (value == null) {
     throw new NullPointerException();
@@ -4626,11 +4762,13 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         return this;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @param value The valueList to add.
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder addValueList(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder addValueList(com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
         if (value == null) {
     throw new NullPointerException();
   }
@@ -4640,11 +4778,13 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         return this;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @param values The valueList to add.
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder addAllValueList(
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder addAllValueList(
           java.lang.Iterable<? extends com.google.protobuf.ByteString> values) {
         ensureValueListIsMutable();
         com.google.protobuf.AbstractMessageLite.Builder.addAll(
@@ -4653,15 +4793,113 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         return this;
       }
       /**
-       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2;</code>
+       * <code>repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];</code>
+       * @deprecated greptime.v1.meta.Partition.value_list is deprecated.
+       *     See greptime/v1/meta/route.proto;l=54
        * @return This builder for chaining.
        */
-      public Builder clearValueList() {
+      @java.lang.Deprecated public Builder clearValueList() {
         valueList_ = java.util.Collections.emptyList();
         bitField0_ = (bitField0_ & ~0x00000002);
         onChanged();
         return this;
       }
+
+      private java.lang.Object expression_ = "";
+      /**
+       * <pre>
+       * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+       * @return The expression.
+       */
+      public java.lang.String getExpression() {
+        java.lang.Object ref = expression_;
+        if (!(ref instanceof java.lang.String)) {
+          com.google.protobuf.ByteString bs =
+              (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+          java.lang.String s = bs.toStringUtf8();
+          expression_ = s;
+          return s;
+        } else {
+          return (java.lang.String) ref;
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <pre>
+       * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+       * @return The bytes for expression.
+       */
+      public com.google.protobuf.ByteString
+          getExpressionBytes() {
+        java.lang.Object ref = expression_;
+        if (ref instanceof String) {
+          com.google.protobuf.ByteString b = 
+              com.google.protobuf.ByteString.copyFromUtf8(
+                  (java.lang.String) ref);
+          expression_ = b;
+          return b;
+        } else {
+          return (com.google.protobuf.ByteString) ref;
+        }
+      }
+      /**
+       * <pre>
+       * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+       * @param value The expression to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
+       */
+      public Builder setExpression(
+          java.lang.String value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  
+        expression_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <pre>
+       * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
+       */
+      public Builder clearExpression() {
+        
+        expression_ = getDefaultInstance().getExpression();
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
+      /**
+       * <pre>
+       * The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * <code>string expression = 3;</code>
+       * @param value The bytes for expression to set.
+       * @return This builder for chaining.
+       */
+      public Builder setExpressionBytes(
+          com.google.protobuf.ByteString value) {
+        if (value == null) {
+    throw new NullPointerException();
+  }
+  checkByteStringIsUtf8(value);
+        
+        expression_ = value;
+        onChanged();
+        return this;
+      }
       @java.lang.Override
       public final Builder setUnknownFields(
           final com.google.protobuf.UnknownFieldSet unknownFields) {
@@ -5768,8 +6006,8 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
   static {
     java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
       "\n\034greptime/v1/meta/route.proto\022\020greptime" +
-      ".v1.meta\032\035greptime/v1/meta/common.proto\032" +
-      "\030greptime/v1/common.proto\"j\n\nTableRoute\022" +
+      ".v1.meta\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\032\035grep" +
+      "time/v1/meta/common.proto\"j\n\nTableRoute\022" +
       "&\n\005table\030\001 \001(\0132\027.greptime.v1.meta.Table\022" +
       "4\n\rregion_routes\030\002 \003(\0132\035.greptime.v1.met" +
       "a.RegionRoute\"q\n\013RegionRoute\022(\n\006region\030\001" +
@@ -5781,19 +6019,20 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
       "\n\004name\030\002 \001(\t\022.\n\tpartition\030\003 \001(\0132\033.grepti" +
       "me.v1.meta.Partition\0222\n\005attrs\030d \003(\0132#.gr" +
       "eptime.v1.meta.Region.AttrsEntry\032,\n\nAttr" +
-      "sEntry\022\013\n\003key\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002 \001(\t:\0028\001\"4" +
-      "\n\tPartition\022\023\n\013column_list\030\001 \003(\014\022\022\n\nvalu" +
-      "e_list\030\002 \003(\014\"k\n\017TableRouteValue\022%\n\005peers" +
-      "\030\001 \003(\0132\026.greptime.v1.meta.Peer\0221\n\013table_" +
-      "route\030\002 \001(\0132\034.greptime.v1.meta.TableRout" +
-      "eB<Z:github.com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-pr" +
-      "oto/go/greptime/v1/metab\006proto3"
+      "sEntry\022\013\n\003key\030\001 \001(\t\022\r\n\005value\030\002 \001(\t:\0028\001\"P" +
+      "\n\tPartition\022\027\n\013column_list\030\001 \003(\014B\002\030\001\022\026\n\n" +
+      "value_list\030\002 \003(\014B\002\030\001\022\022\n\nexpression\030\003 \001(\t" +
+      "\"k\n\017TableRouteValue\022%\n\005peers\030\001 \003(\0132\026.gre" +
+      "ptime.v1.meta.Peer\0221\n\013table_route\030\002 \001(\0132" +
+      "\034.greptime.v1.meta.TableRouteB<Z:github." +
+      "com/GreptimeTeam/greptime-proto/go/grept" +
+      "ime/v1/metab\006proto3"
     };
     descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
       .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
         new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
-          greptime.v1.meta.Common.getDescriptor(),
           io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor(),
+          greptime.v1.meta.Common.getDescriptor(),
         });
     internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_TableRoute_descriptor =
       getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
@@ -5830,15 +6069,15 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
     internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_Partition_fieldAccessorTable = new
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_Partition_descriptor,
-        new java.lang.String[] { "ColumnList", "ValueList", });
+        new java.lang.String[] { "ColumnList", "ValueList", "Expression", });
     internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_TableRouteValue_descriptor =
       getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(5);
     internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_TableRouteValue_fieldAccessorTable = new
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_greptime_v1_meta_TableRouteValue_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "Peers", "TableRoute", });
-    greptime.v1.meta.Common.getDescriptor();
     io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor();
+    greptime.v1.meta.Common.getDescriptor();
   }
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/Database.java b/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/Database.java
index a34e35b..33542f6 100644
--- a/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/Database.java
+++ b/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/Database.java
@@ -12279,9 +12279,9 @@ public final class Database {
   static {
     java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
       "\n\032greptime/v1/database.proto\022\013greptime.v" +
-      "1\032\025greptime/v1/ddl.proto\032\030greptime/v1/co" +
-      "lumn.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row.proto\032\026grept" +
-      "ime/v1/prom.proto\032\030greptime/v1/common.pr" +
+      "1\032\030greptime/v1/column.proto\032\030greptime/v1" +
+      "/common.proto\032\025greptime/v1/ddl.proto\032\026gr" +
+      "eptime/v1/prom.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row.pr" +
       "oto\"\352\002\n\017GreptimeRequest\022*\n\006header\030\001 \001(\0132" +
       "\032.greptime.v1.RequestHeader\022.\n\007inserts\030\002" +
       " \001(\0132\033.greptime.v1.InsertRequestsH\000\022*\n\005q" +
@@ -12327,11 +12327,11 @@ public final class Database {
     descriptor = com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor
       .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
         new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
-          io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor(),
           io.greptime.v1.Columns.getDescriptor(),
-          io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor(),
-          io.greptime.v1.Prometheus.getDescriptor(),
           io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor(),
+          io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor(),
+          io.greptime.v1.Prometheus.getDescriptor(),
+          io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor(),
         });
     internal_static_greptime_v1_GreptimeRequest_descriptor =
       getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
@@ -12405,11 +12405,11 @@ public final class Database {
       com.google.protobuf.GeneratedMessageV3.FieldAccessorTable(
         internal_static_greptime_v1_RowDeleteRequest_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "TableName", "Rows", });
-    io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor();
     io.greptime.v1.Columns.getDescriptor();
-    io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor();
-    io.greptime.v1.Prometheus.getDescriptor();
     io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor();
+    io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor();
+    io.greptime.v1.Prometheus.getDescriptor();
+    io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor();
   }
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
diff --git a/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/region/Server.java b/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/region/Server.java
index a6d9dfe..ed63d8d 100644
--- a/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/region/Server.java
+++ b/java/src/main/java/io/greptime/v1/region/Server.java
@@ -30685,7 +30685,7 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
     java.lang.String[] descriptorData = {
       "\n\037greptime/v1/region/server.proto\022\022grept" +
       "ime.v1.region\032\030greptime/v1/common.proto\032" +
-      "\025greptime/v1/row.proto\032\025greptime/v1/ddl." +
+      "\025greptime/v1/ddl.proto\032\025greptime/v1/row." +
       "proto\"\344\001\n\023RegionRequestHeader\022T\n\017tracing" +
       "_context\030\005 \003(\0132;.greptime.v1.region.Regi" +
       "onRequestHeader.TracingContextEntry\022\016\n\006d" +
@@ -30802,8 +30802,8 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
       .internalBuildGeneratedFileFrom(descriptorData,
         new com.google.protobuf.Descriptors.FileDescriptor[] {
           io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor(),
-          io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor(),
           io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor(),
+          io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor(),
         });
     internal_static_greptime_v1_region_RegionRequestHeader_descriptor =
       getDescriptor().getMessageTypes().get(0);
@@ -31016,8 +31016,8 @@ java.lang.String defaultValue);
         internal_static_greptime_v1_region_ListMetadataRequest_descriptor,
         new java.lang.String[] { "RegionIds", });
     io.greptime.v1.Common.getDescriptor();
-    io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor();
     io.greptime.v1.Ddl.getDescriptor();
+    io.greptime.v1.RowData.getDescriptor();
   }
 
   // @@protoc_insertion_point(outer_class_scope)
diff --git a/proto/greptime/v1/meta/route.proto b/proto/greptime/v1/meta/route.proto
index 532e4a8..d3ddce9 100644
--- a/proto/greptime/v1/meta/route.proto
+++ b/proto/greptime/v1/meta/route.proto
@@ -49,10 +49,13 @@ message Region {
   map<string, string> attrs = 100;
 }
 
-// PARTITION `region_name` VALUES LESS THAN (value_list)
+// Partition definition.
 message Partition {
-  repeated bytes column_list = 1;
-  repeated bytes value_list = 2;
+  repeated bytes column_list = 1 [deprecated = true];
+  repeated bytes value_list = 2 [deprecated = true];
+
+  // The partition expression serialized in JSON format.
+  string expression = 3;
 }
 
 // This message is only for saving into store.