chore: Use a local Docker builder image for Rust protobuf generation (#320)

* feat: dockerize rust protobuf generation in make and CI

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* fix: unify make all and CI generation with local builder image

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* fix: only use custom Docker image for rust target, go/java/cpp use protoc-all directly

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* chore: fix README wording and add --user flag to rust docker run

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* fix: make cargo/rustup dirs world-writable so --user flag works in container

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.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@ jobs:
         uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       - name: Run cargo check
         run: cargo check --workspace --all-targets
-      - uses: arduino/setup-protoc@v3
-        with:
-          version: '21.12'
-          repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Generate protobuf
         run: |
           make all